Melanoma

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing pigment in the skin. This cancer can occur anywhere on the body but is most commonly found in areas that are exposed to the sun.

Key Characteristics

• Types of Melanoma: There are several types, including superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, and acral lentiginous melanoma.

• Risk Factors: Factors include excessive sun exposure, history of sunburns, having many moles, and a family history of melanoma.

• Symptoms: Look for changes in existing moles, new growths, or unusual skin changes, such as asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colors, or a diameter larger than a pencil eraser.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves a skin examination and may require a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options vary depending on the stage of the melanoma and may include:

• Surgery to remove the tumor

• Immunotherapy to boost the body's immune response against cancer

• Targeted therapy for specific genetic mutations

• Radiation therapy in certain cases

Prevention

Preventive measures include using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin checks can help in early detection of melanoma.